What information was used?
The component parts of ISD were
grounded in research and tested in practice. Deb Hoffman drew
on several sources to design ISD.
University Classes
Principal Hoffman's classes in the Department of Educational
Administration at the University of Wisconsin-Madison showed
the value of comprehensive
school reform and school change. In particular, she noted
the importance of Allan
Odden's course in school finance, Colleen
Capper's course in student
services and diversity, and Kent
Peterson's class on the Principalship. From her coursework,
Deb learned that:
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Restructuring support staff would allow her to reduce
class size. Staff associated with the remedial reading, special education, and bilingual
education could be reallocated for regular classroom duties.
-
Specialist teachers could be moved from pullout programs
into either regular education teaching positions in the school
or used as specialists to support students in the classroom,
thus reducing the student/teacher ratio.
-
These changes would help her to restructure service delivery
only if she would work to establish a collaborative culture
to help community members own the new practices.
Previous Models
The design of ISD includes aspects of many successful school
reform programs, including New
American Schools Designs 
including: Success
for All, Accelerated Schools, ATLAS, America's Choice
Design Network, and Roots & Wings. Components of these
models demonstrate how restructuring school resources can
lead to improved learning for all students.
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